How does organic matter impact soil health?

Organic matter plays a crucial role in enhancing soil health by improving both soil structure and nutrient availability. When organic materials, such as decomposed plant and animal residues, are added to the soil, they contribute to the formation of stable aggregates. This aggregation improves soil structure by creating spaces that enhance air and water movement. A well-structured soil promotes root growth and overall plant health.

In addition to improving the physical properties of soil, organic matter is a reservoir of nutrients. As organic matter decomposes, it releases essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, which are vital for plant growth. It also increases the soil's cation exchange capacity (CEC), allowing the soil to hold and supply more nutrients to plants.

Additionally, organic matter supports microbial activity, which is essential for soil health. Healthy microbial populations contribute to nutrient cycling and the breakdown of organic materials, further enriching the soil. Overall, the presence of organic matter is fundamental to maintaining a productive and sustainable soil ecosystem.