What does the term "soil degradation" refer to?

Soil degradation refers to the decline in soil quality and productivity, which encompasses a range of processes that reduce the land's ability to sustain agricultural or natural vegetation. This decline can be due to various factors, including erosion, nutrient depletion, salinization, compaction, and contamination. When soil quality diminishes, its ability to support plant growth, retain water, and provide essential nutrients is compromised, ultimately affecting ecosystem functions and agricultural productivity.

Other choices describe scenarios that improve or enhance soil, such as the enhancement of soil fertility, nutrient enrichment, or the natural formation of new horizons. Each of these options reflects a beneficial process rather than the negative consequences involved in soil degradation. Understanding this term is crucial for environmental management and sustainable agricultural practices, as it underscores the importance of maintaining soil health to support both crop production and environmental stability.