What is a common consequence of excessive fertilizer use in soil?

Excessive fertilizer use in soil often leads to soil acidification and nutrient runoff, which can have significant environmental implications. When fertilizers are applied in quantities greater than what plants can absorb, the surplus nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, can leach into waterways. This runoff contributes to problems such as algal blooms, which deplete oxygen in water bodies and harm aquatic ecosystems.

Additionally, the over-application of fertilizers can alter the soil's pH balance, lowering it and resulting in soil acidification. This shift in pH can negatively affect soil health, leading to decreased availability of essential nutrients for plants and creating an environment less conducive to beneficial soil organisms. Consequently, managing fertilizer application is crucial not only for optimal plant growth but also for protecting soil health and surrounding ecosystems.