What is the best condition for soil to retain moisture effectively?

For soil to retain moisture effectively, good structure with organic matter is essential. This is because well-structured soil facilitates the formation of aggregates, which create spaces for air and water. When organic matter is incorporated into the soil, it enhances its ability to hold moisture by improving the soil's texture and structure. Organic matter acts like a sponge, absorbing water and releasing it slowly to plants as needed. Additionally, it promotes beneficial microbial activity, further assisting in nutrient availability and water retention.

High salinity levels often lead to issues like reduced plant health and water infiltration challenges. Poor aeration can hinder root growth and reduce the soil's ability to hold water due to compacted or waterlogged conditions, which negatively impacts the overall moisture retention. While high clay content can retain moisture due to its fine texture, without proper drainage, it can lead to waterlogged conditions that may adversely affect plant health. All these factors highlight why good structure with organic matter is vital for optimal moisture retention in soil.