What role does soil organic matter play in carbon sequestration?

Soil organic matter plays a significant role in carbon sequestration by acting as a carbon sink. This means that it has the ability to absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. As plants grow, they capture atmospheric carbon through photosynthesis and incorporate it into their biomass. When plants die or shed leaves, this organic material is broken down by microorganisms, resulting in the formation of soil organic matter, which stabilizes the carbon and prevents it from being released back into the atmosphere.

This process contributes to the overall health of the soil, facilitating nutrient retention and promoting beneficial biological activity, thus enhancing soil structure and fertility. In terms of carbon sequestration, having a high amount of soil organic matter leads to increased carbon storage within the soil, which is crucial for mitigating climate change. The other options highlight potential misconceptions; for instance, soil organic matter does not decrease soil fertility or increase compaction, nor does it inherently reduce moisture retention. Instead, it typically enhances the soil's capacity to retain moisture, making it a critical component in sustainable land management practices.